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American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2016. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society; 2016.
American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2017. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society; 2017.
American Joint Committee on Cancer. Penis. In: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7th ed. New York: Springer; 2010:447?451.
Bleeker MC, Hogewoning CJ, Voorhorst FJ, et al. Condom use promotes regression of human papilloma virus-associated penile lesions in male sexual partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Cancer. 2003;107:804?810.
Busby JE, Pettaway CA. What’s new in the management of penile cancer? Curr Opinion Oncology. 2005;15:350?357.
Castellsagué X, Bosch FX, Mu?oz N, et al. Male circumcision, penile human papilloma virus infection, and cervical cancer in female partners. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1105?1112.
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Heinlen JE, Culkin DJ. Chapter 85: Cancer of the penis. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Dorshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa. Elsevier: 2014.
Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, et al (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014..
Kayes O, Ahmed HU, Arya M, Minhas S. Molecular and genetic pathways in penile cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8:420?429.
Larke NL, Thomas SL, dos Santos Silva I, Weiss HA. Male circumcision and penile cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control. 2011;22:1097?1110.
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Lu B, Wu Y, Nielson CM, et al. Factors associated with acquisition and clearance of human papilloma virus infection in a cohort of US men: A prospective study. J Infect Dis. 2009;199:362?371.
Lynch DF. Tumors of the penis and urethra. In: Kufe DW, Bast RC, Hait WN, Hong WK, Pollock RE, Weichselbaum RR, Holland JF, Frei E, eds. Cancer Medicine, 7th ed. Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker; 2006:1462?1467.
Minhas S, Manseck A, Watya S, Hegarty PK. Penile cancer--prevention and premalignant conditions. Urology. 2010;76(2 Suppl 1):S24?35.
Misra S, Chaturvedi A, Misra NC. Penile carcinoma: A challenge for the developing world. Lancet Oncol. 2004;5:240?247.
National Cancer Institute Physician Data Query. Penile Cancer Treatment. 2015. Accessed at www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/penile/HealthProfessional on February 19, 2015.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Penile Cancer. Version 2.2015. Accessed at www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/penile.pdf on February 19, 2015.
Pagliaro LC, Williams DL, Daliani D, et al. Neoadjuvant paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin chemotherapy for metastatic penile cancer: A phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:3851?3857.
Petrosky E, Bocchini JA, Hariri S, et al. Use of 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: Updated HPV vaccination recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR. 2015;64:300-304.
Pettaway CA, Pagliaro L, Theodore C, Haas G. Treatment of visceral, unresectable, or bulky/unresectable regional metastases of penile cancer. Urology. 2010;76(2 Suppl 1):S58?65.
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Pow-Sang MR, Ferreira U, Pow-Sang JM, Nardi AC, Destefano V. Epidemiology and natural history of penile cancer. Urology. 2010;76(2 Suppl 1):S2?6.
Ribentrop JM, Joslyn SA, Konety BR. Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Cancer. 2004;101:1357?1363.
Russo P, Horenblas S. Surgical management of penile cancer. In: Vogelzang NJ, Scardino PT, Shipley WU, Debruyne FMJ, Linehan WM, eds. Comprehensive Textbook of Genitourinary Oncology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006. 809?818.
Schabath MB, Villa LL, Lazcano-Ponce E, et al. Smoking and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the HPV in Men (HIM) study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21:102-110.
Tobian AA, Serwadda D, Quinn TC, et al. Male circumcision for the prevention of HSV-2 and HPV infections and syphilis. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1298?1309.
Trabulsi EJ, Gomella LG. Chapter 69: Cancer of the urethra and penis. In: DeVita VT, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA, eds. DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg’s Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 10th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2015.
Young JL, Ward KC, Ries LAG. Cancers of rare sites. In: Ries LAG, Young JL, Keel GE, Eisner MP, Lin YD, Horner M-J, eds. SEER Survival Monograph: Cancer Survival Among Adults: U.S. SEER Program, 1988-2001, Patient and Tumor Characteristics. National Cancer Institute, SEER Program, NIH Pub. No. 07-6215, Bethesda, MD, 2007.
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